Private information is never even visible to any web or KeepandShare users except the information creator / owner. Therefore, since others can never even see your private information, whether or not they log into KeepandShare doesn't make a difference. Your information is private and hidden from them. All your information is private until you fill in the Share With user names or share groups.
Protected information means that only the named individuals and groups can access your information, and then they can only access the specific folders or items you granted. If a user attempts to visit or view your protected information, they must first log into KeepandShare. This is so they prove their identity before they are granted access to your protected information.
Public information does not require a log in to KeepandShare - it is freely accessible by all web users; they don't even have to have a KeepandShare account. Your Share Page lists all your publicly shared information and this is typically how the public will find your information, although you can also e-mail URL links to any shared information and your friends can click on these links.