To treat the chemical properties of water a great variety of chemicals are available. Here are the principal types of chemicals used in water treatment.

Algaecides

Algaecides are chemicals that kill algae as well as green or blue algae when added to water. Iron salts and copper sulphate are a few examples. Rosinamine salts, the benzalkonium chlorineide and copper sulphate are others. Algaecides can be effective against algae, however they are not suitable to control algal blooms due to reasons of environmental.

Algicides don't work at eliminating all algae. However, they can't remove any toxins released by the algae before dying.

Antifoams

Foam is a clump of bubbles formed when certain kinds of gas are dispersed in a liquid. Large, thick films of liquid surround the bubbles, forming large volumes of non-productive foam.

While the reason for foam is complex within the physical chemistry of the world, it is known that it poses serious challenges for both industrial water treatment chemicals as well as the quality of finished products. Foam can cause equipment to fail and raise costs.

Antifoam mixes are composed of oils and small amounts silica. Two properties of silicone help them break down foam the way it should: compatibility with water systems, and easy spreading. You can purchase antifoam compounds in the form of a powder or an oil-based emulsion.

Powder

Antifoam powder covers a group of products based on modified polydimethylsiloxane. While the fundamental properties of these products differ they offer excellent antifoaming for a wide range of conditions and applications.

The antifoams are chemically inert and are not able to react with the medium being defoamed. They're tasteless, smellless, non-volatile, non-toxic and they don't corrode substances. The only downside of the powdery material is that it is not able to be used in watery solutions.

Coagulants

In the context of coagulants, positive Ions with high valence are preferred. The majority of the time, iron and aluminium are used, with aluminium being Al2(SO4)3- (aluin) and iron as FeCl3 or Fe2(SO4)3-. One can also apply the less expensive version FeSO4, on conditions that it is transformed into Fe3+ after Aeration.

Coagulation is very dependent on the doses of coagulants, the pH and colloid concentrations. In the role of a co-flocculant, Ca(OH)2 can be employed to alter the pH of the solution. The usual dosage is between 10 and 90 mg Fe3+/L. However, if salts are present, a higher dose is needed.

Corrosion inhibitors

Corrosion can be defined as the process of transforming metals into soluble compounds. Corrosion may cause the failure of critical parts of boiler systems, the deposition of corrosion products in critical zones of heat exchange, as well as overall efficiency loss.

This is why corrosion inhibitors are frequently used. Inhibitors are chemical substances with a metallic surface and provide the surface with a certain level of protection. Inhibitors are chemical compounds that adsorb onto metallic surfaces, thereby protecting the surface by forming a film.

pH conditioners

In order to prevent corrosion of pipes and prevent lead from dissolving in water sources, municipal cooling tower water treatment chemicals, is pH-adjusted. Water treatment might require pH adjustments. The addition of basic or acid to water can increase or decrease its pH. A good example of lowering pH is through the addition of hydrogen chloride in the case of a basic liquid. One way to raise the pH is the addition of natrium hydroxide in the case of an acidic liquid.

The pH is changed to approximately seven to seven and a quarter, following the addition of certain levels of basic or acids. The quantity of the substance and the kind of substance that is added, depend upon the need to decrease or increase of the pH.